Самостоятельная работа по дисциплине «Иностранный язык» для БАТ. Часть 2

PART I

FISHING INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA

EXERCISE 1

Read and translate the text, using the vocabulary before it.

Text 1.1. The Development of the Fishing Industry

resources — запасы, богатства

expanding — расширение

branch — отрасль

inshore fishing — промысел во внутренних водах

ground — район

hunting — зверобойный промысел

whale-fishing — китобойный промысел

purse fleet — кошельковый флот

trawl fleet — траловый флот

unlimited range of operation — неограниченный район лова

research work — научная работа

prospecting — перспективная разведка

life boat — спасательное судно

auxiliary — вспомогательное судно

renewal — обновление

Slavonic and other tribes lived on the territory of Russia used the resources of lakes and rivers very widely. A lot of historical monuments, chronicles and ancient written documents prove that fact. With the development and expanding of the Russian state fishing became an important branch of the economy of the country.

Before the revolution of 1917 Russia caught almost 1 mln tons of fish yearly and took the third place in the world after Norway and Great Britain. But at that time the sea-fishing fleet was almost unknown, especially in the Far-eastern waters where only inshore fishing was developed. The main ground of the sea fishing was the Caspian Sea. 60 per cent offish caught in Russia were taken in the Caspian Sea.

After 1917 the fishing industry of Russia got its rapid development. New fishing gear was created and new fishing ships were built in the country. It resulted in expanding the areas of fishing. New sea objects were caught, hunting and whale-fishing began to develop quickly. The purse and trawl fleet appeared in the Far-eastern and Northern basins of our country. By 1940 Russia caught 1.5 mln tons offish every year, by 1960 the total catch amounted almost to 4 mln tons.

The fishing industry in the Soviet Union considered to be the most advanced one in the world. It had a powerful fleet with an unlimited range of operation. It possessed the ships for research work and prospecting, life-boats and other auxiliaries. The Soviet Union owned the biggest flotilla in the world of large size refrigerator trawlers. These trawlers were equipped with the radio-electronic instruments, apparatuses for horizontal and vertical prospecting and other up-to-date equipment.

constantly. In 1996 Russia caught 4.6 mln tons offish and other sea products. But in 1998 an economic crisis began in the fishing industry. The quantity offish caught reduced and in 2000 only 4 mln tons were taken.

In 2000 the fishing fleet of Russia possessed 5464 vessels with the total power of 4850.9 thousand horse powers. 70% of fishing ships are 10 years old and more. Renewal and construction of the fishing ships are very rare nowadays.

But nevertheless in 2001 a new conception of the development of the fishing industry was adopted. This program covers the period from 2002 till 2010. The realization of this program requires 100 milliard roubles.

EXERCISE 2

Memorize the following words:

sea products trawl fleet (trawling)

sea-fishing unlimited range of operation

inshore fishing prospecting

total catch auxiliary

hunting large size refrigerator trawler

whale-fishing important branch

purse fleet conception of development

ground

EXERCISE 3

Answer the questions, using the information from the text

Was fishing known in ancient Russia?

Was the fishing industry a developed branch of the economy in pre-revolutionary Russia?

How can you prove this fact?

What was the main area of sea-fishing in Russia before 1917?

What was the result of the rapid development of the fishing industry in Russia after 1917?

Why did the fishing industry in the Soviet Union consider to be the most advanced one in the world?

How can you characterize the fishing industry of Russia nowadays?